Terraced rice fields in Bali
The most beautiful landscapes in Bali are its colorful terraced rice fields. And at the same time, there is no more as low-paid and heavy work, as the cultivation of rice. The average rice matures in five months, and most of the time in the water. Put in the water in order to avoid direct sunlight and protect against weeds. Bali has a very well developed drainage system in the rice terraces – from the upper rungs water pours onto the lower, etc.. It prevents the mini-lakes from stagnation and decay.

Balinese rice cultivation is famous all over the world for their efficient use of irrigation water. The fertile volcanic soils and abundant water are but one of the factors that enable high and stable yields. An existential part of irrigation management are the socio-religious organizations called subak which are the backbone of Balinese rice cultivation.

The subak is a mixture of different units – technological unit containing a dam and collectively owned irrigation canals. It is a physical unit containing all rice terraces within clearly defined subak boundaries. It is a social unit consisting of all farmers who cultivate land within the subak boundaries and receive water from the subak irrigation infrastructure. It is a religious unit consisting of rituals on the individual level, the subak level, and the inter – subak level. And last but not least it is a legal unit, with a clearly defined set of rules that regulates the rights and duties of its members.

Rice production in Indonesia is an important part of the national economy. Indonesia is currently the third-largest producer of rice in the world.

Rice was the staple food in the Indonesian diet,accounting for more than half of the calories in the average diet, and the source of livelihood for about 20 million households, or about 100 million people, in the late 1980s.

Terraced rice fields in Bali

sources
fototelegraf.ru/?p=160650
www.academia.edu
provintsial.com